Immediate first aid for sprains, fractures and dislocations

Every year, many people in French-speaking Switzerland suffer sprains, fractures or dislocations as a result of everyday activities or sport. Knowing how to deal with these injuries can not only limit the damage, but also speed up the healing process. This article guides you through the first aid essentials for dealing effectively with these common situations, in line with the latest medical recommendations.

Understanding musculoskeletal injuries

Sprains, fractures and dislocations are injuries that affect muscles, bones and joints. A sprain occurs when a ligament is stretched or torn, usually caused by twisting or direct impact. A fracture is a partial or total break in a bone. A luxation occurs when a bone is displaced from its joint. Each type of injury requires a specific approach in terms of first aid.

First aid techniques for sprains

A sprain is damage to the ligaments of a joint caused by a sudden movement or excessive twisting. To limit damage and promote rapid recovery, the RICE method is the gold standard:

1. Rest (Rest):
   • Immobilise the affected joint and avoid any strain for 24 to 48 hours. The use of crutches or splints may be necessary depending on the severity.
2. Glace (Ice):
   • Apply ice wrapped in a cloth for 15 to 20 minutes every 2 hours to reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Avoid direct contact of the ice with the skin to prevent burns.
3. Compression:
   • Wrap the injured area with an elastic compression band without tightening too much, to limit swelling while maintaining good blood circulation.
4. Elevation (Elevation):
   • Elevate the injured limb above heart level to facilitate lymphatic drainage and reduce oedema. Use cushions to keep it in position.

If you experience intense pain, visible deformity or if the swelling does not go down, consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible.

Fracture management: immediate steps

In the event of a fracture, it is vital to immobilise the area before help arrives. Do not attempt to reset a bone. Cover any protruding ends with a sterile dressing if necessary. If the fracture is open, apply gentle pressure around the wound to control bleeding.

Managing a dislocation

Dislocations require immediate medical attention to avoid permanent damage. Avoid manipulating or repositioning the joint. Immobilise the area and apply ice to reduce pain and swelling until medical help is available.

Emergency training and preparedness

Although this article offers an overview of immediate interventions, taking an in-depth training course, such as the IAS 2 programme (not included in IAS 1 and BLS AED SRC), is essential for learning how to manage these situations correctly. The practical knowledge acquired can make all the difference in an emergency.

To develop these skills further, discover our specialised training courses:

• BLS AED in Geneva
• BLS AED SRC Complete in Lausanne
• BLS AED course in Fribourg