How to identify and react to different degrees of burns

Identifying burns: from first to third degree

Burns are classified into three degrees, each reflecting the severity of the skin damage. First degree burns affect only the top layer of skin, causing redness, mild pain and sometimes swelling. They usually heal without medical intervention within a week. Second-degree burns penetrate deeper into the skin, causing blistering, red, shiny skin, and intense pain. These burns often require medical treatment to prevent infection and speed up healing. Finally, third-degree burns destroy both layers of the skin and can reach the underlying tissues, making the area whitish, charred or blackened. This type of burn requires immediate medical attention.

First aid: appropriate reactions depending on the degree

When faced with a burn, the initial reaction is crucial. For a first-degree burn, cooling the skin under cold water for 10 to 15 minutes can help relieve pain and reduce swelling. Avoid using ice, as it can cause further damage. For second-degree burns, after cooling the burn, cover the area with a non-adherent sterile dressing to protect against infection. Third-degree burns, due to their severity, should not be treated at home; call emergency services immediately or go to the nearest hospital.

Prevention and education: the keys to avoiding accidents

Preventing burns is essential and often starts with simple measures in the home. Keep chemicals and heat sources out of children’s reach and never leave the kitchen unattended while cooking. Educating all members of the family about the potential dangers and appropriate reactions in the event of a burn can also reduce the risk of serious accidents.

Guidelines for effective care

While first aid is essential, knowing the limits of what you can do at home is just as important. If you are in any doubt about the seriousness of a burn or if pain persists after first aid, consult a health professional. Self-assessment is no substitute for medical advice, especially for burns that appear to cover a large area or those caused by chemicals or electricity.