Warning signs of a heart attack: learning to recognize them and act quickly

Each year, myocardial infarction (heart attack) is a leading cause of death. Quickly recognizing its warning signs can literally save lives. Knowing how to identify these symptoms and when to act is critical—especially in the first minutes, when every second counts. This article aims to educate and inform the public about these vital signs that must not be ignored.

Understanding heart attack: a public health issue

Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is suddenly blocked. Deprived of oxygen, heart cells begin to die. This medical emergency requires rapid intervention to restore blood flow and minimize damage to the heart. In French-speaking Switzerland, as elsewhere, increased awareness is essential to reduce treatment delays.

Warning signs not to ignore

Heart attack symptoms can vary from person to person, but some warning signs are frequently reported:

• Chest pain: Often described as intense pressure or tightness in the center of the chest, lasting several minutes.
• Breathing difficulties: Sudden shortness of breath may occur, either accompanying chest pain or appearing on its own.
• Pain in other parts of the body: Discomfort may radiate to the shoulders, neck, jaw, back, or even the arms (most often the left one).
• Other symptoms: Cold sweats, nausea, dizziness, or unexplained fatigue.

Risk factors and prevention

Certain factors increase the risk of having a heart attack:

• Lifestyle: Smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity.
• Medical conditions: High blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes.
• Genetic factors: A family history of heart disease.
  Prevention involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, regular physical activity, and ongoing medical check-ups for those at risk.

Acting quickly in the event of a heart attack

When heart attack symptoms appear, immediate action is crucial. Here are the steps to follow:

1. Call emergency services: In Switzerland, dial 144.
2. Stay calm and still: Avoid any physical activity that could increase the heart’s oxygen demand.
3. Take an aspirin, if possible: Unless contraindicated, aspirin can help reduce clot formation.

Preparation and training: saving lives

It is recommended to take a first aid course, such as those offered in the BLS AED SRC, IAS 1, and IAS 2 programs. These courses teach life-saving actions and prepare you to respond effectively in the event of a cardiac emergency, thereby strengthening the chain of survival.