Heart attack warning signs: learn to recognise them and act quickly

Every year, myocardial infarction is a major cause of death. Recognising its warning signs quickly can literally save lives. Knowing how to identify these symptoms and understanding when to act is crucial, particularly in the first few minutes, when every second counts. This article aims to educate and inform the public about these vital signs that must not be ignored.

Understanding heart attacks: a public health issue

A myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is suddenly interrupted. Deprived of oxygen, heart cells begin to die. This medical emergency requires rapid intervention to restore blood flow and minimise damage to the heart. In French-speaking Switzerland, as elsewhere, greater awareness is essential to reduce response times.

Warning signs not to ignore

The symptoms of a heart attack can vary from person to person, but some warning signs are frequently reported:

• Chest pain: Often described as intense pressure or tightness in the centre of the chest, which may last for several minutes.
• Breathing difficulties: Sudden shortness of breath may accompany chest pain or occur without it.
• Pain in other parts of the body: Pain may radiate to the shoulders, neck, jaw, back or even the arms (especially the left arm).
• Other symptoms: Cold sweats, nausea, dizziness or unexplained fatigue.

Risk factors and prevention

Certain factors increase the risk of having a heart attack:

• Lifestyle: Smoking, a poor diet, lack of exercise and obesity.
• Medical conditions: High blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes.
• Genetic factors: A family history of heart disease.
  Prevention involves adopting a healthy lifestyle, eating a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity and having regular medical check-ups if you are at risk.

Acting quickly in the event of a heart attack

When heart attack symptoms occur, an immediate response is crucial. Here are the steps to follow:

1. Call the emergency services: In Switzerland, dial 144.
2. Stay calm and remain still: Avoid any physical activity that could increase the heart’s oxygen demand.
3. Take aspirin, if possible: Unless contraindicated, aspirin may help reduce clot formation.

Preparation and training: saving lives

It is recommended to take first aid training, such as the BLS-AED-SRC, IAS 1 and IAS 2 programmes offered by SafetyFirst. These courses teach life-saving skills and prepare you to respond effectively in the event of a cardiac emergency, thereby strengthening the chain of survival.